Social Stratification and The Movie Sweet Home Alabama Essay -- essays

Social stratification as defined by Brinkerhoff et al. is an institutionalized ruler of inequality in which genial statuses are ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources (Brinkerhoff et al. 152). By scarce resources, many good deal have to bunch with poverty and having a wish of money to buy the things they need in their lives. Social variant is defined as a category of people who dower roughly the same class, status, and former and who have a sense of identification with each other (Brinkerhoff et al. 155). Your amicable class has to do with your socioeconomic status on with the power and connections you have. Social mobility on the other hand is the process of changing ones accessible class (Brinkerhoff et al. 153). The change in a companionable class is something that is shown in both day life and the media. It is the American Dream to move upward in society. The movie Sweet Home Alabama is a prime example of social mobility in the main character. The main character Melanie Carmichael left her small town Alabama home and achieved an impressive upward social mobility. She began her life as a daughter of a respectful working class family to become a world famous fashion designer in New York City. At the start-off of the movie, Andrew, the mayors son, proposes to Melanie. She says yes, but before she can wed him, she has to clear up a not so nett divorce with Jake, her high drill sweetheart she left behind. Melanie is now caught between two classes and two cultures, the working class that she grew up in and the upper class she has now placed herself in. As the film continues, her dilemma will require her to acknowledge and reconnect with her mother who lives in a trailer park while settle down trying to impress h... ...ust they be bigger and stronger to fulfill the requirements of this job? A structural functionalist would conceive that woman are dependent on men. That Melanie should have had to marry Andrew in orde r to break down and be upper class. The fact that Melanie was able to move upward in society all on her own as a woman is something that a structural functional theorist would completely disagree with.Sweet Home Alabama is a Cinderella story line with a little twist. I believe that once you look into things sociology can be found everywhere. Social movement and social mobility is found in everyday life. Melanie is upright one example of how people move up in class. Gender inequalities and sexism are another hot topic that this movie not so openly shows. Sexism in this movie is more(prenominal) behind the scenes but once brought up is rather evident just as it is in everyday life. Social social stratification and The Movie Sweet Home Alabama Essay -- essaysSocial stratification as defined by Brinkerhoff et al. is an institutionalized pattern of inequality in which social statuses are ranked on the basis of their access to scarce resources (Brinkerhoff et al. 1 52). By scarce resources, many people have to deal with poverty and having a lack of money to buy the things they need in their lives. Social class is defined as a category of people who share roughly the same class, status, and power and who have a sense of identification with each other (Brinkerhoff et al. 155). Your social class has to do with your socioeconomic status along with the power and connections you have. Social mobility on the other hand is the process of changing ones social class (Brinkerhoff et al. 153). The change in a social class is something that is shown in every day life and the media. It is the American Dream to move upward in society. The movie Sweet Home Alabama is a prime example of social mobility in the main character. The main character Melanie Carmichael left her small town Alabama home and achieved an impressive upward social mobility. She began her life as a daughter of a respectful working class family to become a world famous fashion designe r in New York City. At the beginning of the movie, Andrew, the mayors son, proposes to Melanie. She says yes, but before she can marry him, she has to clear up a not so final divorce with Jake, her high school sweetheart she left behind. Melanie is now caught between two classes and two cultures, the working class that she grew up in and the upper class she has now placed herself in. As the film continues, her dilemma will require her to acknowledge and reconnect with her mother who lives in a trailer park while still trying to impress h... ...ust they be bigger and stronger to fulfill the requirements of this job? A structural functionalist would believe that woman are dependent on men. That Melanie should have had to marry Andrew in order to survive and be upper class. The fact that Melanie was able to move upward in society all on her own as a woman is something that a structural functional theorist would completely disagree with.Sweet Home Alabama is a Cinderella story li ne with a little twist. I believe that once you look into things sociology can be found everywhere. Social movement and social mobility is found in everyday life. Melanie is just one example of how people move up in class. Gender inequalities and sexism are another hot topic that this movie not so openly shows. Sexism in this movie is more behind the scenes but once brought up is rather evident just as it is in everyday life.

Great Zimbabwe :: essays research papers

GREAT ZIMBABWEThis article which I have chosen to read, is about a ruined city of southeast Zimbabwe south of Harare. bully Zimbabwe is an ancient city on the p youngau in sub-Saharan Africa. vast Zimbabwe was supposedly a city that controlled much trade and culture of southern Africa during the twelfth and 17th centuries because it was stationed on the shortest route between the northern gold fields, and the Indian Ocean. Archaeologists believed that this masterful stonework was built somewhere nigh 1100 and 1600 A.D. Great Zimbabwe covers 1,779 acres and is made up of 3 main structures. The first one is the pile Complex Hill Complex is the oldest part of the site. The hill was approximately 262 feet high. This enables inhabitants to view enemies from up the hill. Below the Hill Complex is the Great Enclosure, or Elliptical Building. The most dazzling structures of Great Zimbabwe are found here. Its thought to have been the royal palace at that time. Between these two large str uctures is the Valley Ruins. The youngest walls are found here. Some archaeologists deemed that it might have been the areas control access, for that the wall enables people to head in single file only. Great Zimbabwe has been designed to change its periphery as the citys population grew due to the fact that it wasnt constructed around a central plan. Despite that the size has made Great Zimbabwe remarkable, another main factor is its stonework. Many of the structures were made of blocks cut from granite. The citys physique comes from the Shona term dzimbabwe, meaning houses of stone.And, like may other ancient cities, Great Zimbabwe has been concealed by legend. Many people told myths about Great Zimbabwe. But, it wasnt until the late 1800s when archaeological record became severely damaged an almost not decodable when Europeans were attracted by the myth of abundant gold from King Solomons mines found in the Great Zimbabwe.The first European to arrive to Great Zimbabwe was a Ge rman explorer named Karl Mauch, in 1871. It was Mauchs friend, Adam Render, who was also German and was living in the kinship group of Chief Pika, that has lead him to Great Zimbabwe. When Mauch first saw the ruins, he abruptly concluded that Great Zimbabwe wasnt erected by Africans. He felt that the handiwork was withal delicate and the people who constructed this showed they were way too civilized to have been the work of Africans.

lord of the rings :: essays research papers

The Fellowship of the RingsI read The Fellowship of the Rings for my book report. It is the initiative book to the Lord of the Rings, written by J.R.R. Tolkien. The settings in this book changed many times from the hills of the Shire where the hobbits live, to the deep darkness of the mines of Moria. The book takes place in a place called Middle Earth, which is described by Tolkien as a mysterious place full of good and darkness. The way Tolkien described each place is unspeakable and it is as if u were looking at a picture and copping it down into your head. The Shire, a peaceful place, full of little people, known as hobbits. The hobbits be brotherly folk who dont pay attention to the outside world. They live in little holes dug in the sides of hills. The hobbits have large gardens of, pipe weed, corn, and their favorite, potatoes. The hobbits are used to their everyday life, and are very content with the lack of adventure. Most do not travel farther then Bree. Bree is a smal l town mixed with big and little people, (men and hobbits) who live together through the hard time that trouble the old town.The Forest of Lothorien is where the elves live in peace, hidden for the evil not far off. The forest is very magical and full of beautiful trees. The trees were described to have silver bark and rich golden leaves. These were the homes of the elves that had built platforms in the center of the trees, like tree houses. In Lothorien the weather is always as if it were a warm spring day even in the dead of winter. Lothorien is untouched by time, as if the days just repeat them selves just now the people go on with their lives. The lady of the land, Galadriel, has another magical ring that the dark nobleman is seeking. The magic ring kept the forest protected and healthy along with everyone that lived there.Darkness, silence, emptiness describes the Mines of Moria. The mines cut through the Misty Mountains, and connect the fields of Rohan to the forest of Lot horien. The mines were part with by the dwarfs in a war with the orcs, who worked for a wizard who wanted the same ring that the dark lord wanted. The are many passages that were crafted bye the dwarves to mines and lookouts but only one way out.

Essay --

Every day, advances in technology lead us nearer and nearer to fully autonomous robots, but even today, robots play a huge role in our lives. Robots exist obviously in software, just look at your smartphone, but robots in hardware exist too, recently, robots such as Asimo, Watson, and Deep Blue were able to per regulate actions which were thought to be exclusively human such as scaling stairs, making meaningful conversation, and playing chess. only with so many robots already existing, and the rapid progress we are making in the field of robotics, give robots eventually become the dominant behavior form? This question has puzzled philosophers and sci-fi authors alike for decades however, the truth of the matter is that robots already drive taken over. Without robots in our lives, we simply could non survive as we are. Additionally, robots are not plagued by consciousness, and would never jeopardise their own existence as humans so often do. Finally, robots today have the ability to reproduce themselves this innate and conventionally biological trait is what turns a mere object into an animate life-form.Robots play an integral part in our society, they sour our businesses, maintain our economy and do our manufacturing, without them, the routines we have set would crumble. Robots however, are not dependant on human existence they could theoretically remain self-sufficient forever. By 2014, active cell phones will outnumber humans. These devices are a prime example of consumer robotics and artificial intelligence we are connected to them at all times, and could not communicate without them. Furthermore, we rely on our robots to run our industry, manufacturing, business administration and plant automation would not be possible without ... ...anufacture. This is shown in many robotic assembly lines, where robots are able to produce a product, or indeed another robot, in a fraction of the time it would take a human to do so. This vastly superior reproduction p rocess not only qualifies robots as a bona fide life form, but also sets them higher from humans with respect to dominance.Robots play a huge role in the life of the human race, but robots, while they are the servants of the human race, are dominant already. Robots are quicker, smarter and more powerful than any biological life form, pocket calculators will outsmart even the cleverest humans, it is for this reason that we rely on them so much, and with them having a greater survivability and a better reproduction system than humans, it is obvious why robots already are superior, and therefore more dominant in numbers, strength and size, than humans.

Policies In Atlantic Canada :: essays research papers

From the arrest of early contact from 1534-1736 it wasconcluded that Indian righteousness was useless and therefor didnot pose an impediment in the process of convertingIndians to Christianity. The process of conversion includeda period of persuasion and instruction followed by baptism.The French missions were prosperous in areas where therewas permanent Aboriginal settlement. These effortsinfluenced all areas of social policy especially the belief thatall Aboriginals should be converted to Christianity. Theperiod of the Royal declaration from 1783-1839 was aresult of British Military policy that recognised theimportance of First Nation allies in the victory oer France.In 1755 during the initial stages of the war, the Britishdeveloped an Indian department with a completesuerintendent of Indian Affairs. This was not successful inpreventing colonists from appropriating First Nation land.When Britain was successful in the war with France,France ceded most of its North American terr itory and theFirst Nations were not satisfied being under British rule.This led to Pontiacs disintegration where several British fortswere captured. The Royal Proclamation was essentiallydrafted on the advice of the colony concerning measures toreconcile with First Nations. It was the first constitutionunder British rule that recognized that the territory outsideof the colonial boundaries was reserved as hunting groundsfor First Nations. The Royal Proclamation was the legalbase for British-Indian policy. The transition of the RoyalProclamation into Canadian social policy occurred whencolonial correspondents indicated that First Nations werenot longer military allies. Colonial policies were changed byan administration aimed at civilizing First Nations way oflife. Of bad-tempered importance was the schooling of FirstNation children. Gifts that were originally used tocompensate for land surrendered to the British were nowconditional on the basis of whether or not First Nationparents sent their kids to school. Those parents who didnot abide by this rule were subject to criminal charges.

Policies In Atlantic Canada :: essays research papers

From the period of early contact from 1534-1736 it wasconcluded that Indian religion was useless and therefor didnot pose an resister in the process of convertingIndians to Christianity. The process of conversion includeda period of persuasion and instruction followed by baptism.The French missions were successful in areas where therewas unending Aboriginal settlement. These effortsinfluenced all areas of social policy especially the belief thatall Aboriginals should be converted to Christianity. Theperiod of the Royal Proclamation from 1783-1839 was aresult of British Military policy that recognized theimportance of early Nation allies in the victory over France.In 1755 during the initial stages of the war, the Britishdeveloped an Indian department with a completesuerintendent of Indian Affairs. This was not successful inpreventing colonists from appropriating First Nation land.When Britain was successful in the war with France,France ceded most of its magnetic north American t erritory and theFirst Nations were not satisfied being under British rule.This led to Pontiacs rebellion where several British fortswere captured. The Royal Proclamation was essentiallydrafted on the advice of the colony concerning measures toreconcile with First Nations. It was the first constitutionunder British rule that recognized that the territory outsideof the colonial boundaries was reserved as hunting groundsfor First Nations. The Royal Proclamation was the legalbase for British-Indian policy. The transition of the RoyalProclamation into Canadian social policy occurred whencolonial correspondents indicated that First Nations werenot longer military allies. Colonial policies were changed byan administration aimed at civilizing First Nations way oflife. Of particular importance was the schooling of FirstNation children. Gifts that were originally used tocompensate for land surrendered to the British were nowconditional on the basis of whether or not First Nationparents sent their kids to school. Those parents who didnot sustain by this rule were subject to criminal charges.

Myths Surrounding Innovation

There argon myths surrounding fictiveness. The nonphysical nature of creativity does not lend itself to easy definition. Introduction The intangible nature of creativity does not have a specific definition for it. However, creativity can refer to some things that differ and which in like manner over laps m either other elements. Joanna 2003). Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize estimate, alternatives, or possibilities that may be used to solving problems, communicating with other, and entertain ourselves and others(Robert E. Franken 2002).It also depends on the nature of the person what are his/her characteristics, hinging power and the artistic superpower. It is said that man timers equate innovation with creativity, but creativity comes with innovation creativity is tho an brain and innovation is carrying out the idea and turning it into a business and providing It to the market (Visas governingan 2010). There is not a angiotensin converting en zyme specific definition for innovation. technically innovation Is defined merely as Introducing something new (Jeff Dance 2008), it does not concern how well or admirable the Innovation Is as long it is emend than what it was.It is most likely that innovation Is a narrower incept than creativity. I believe If there Is no creativity then(prenominal) there Is no Innovation. It is the human nature than maintain them feel they are not productive enough that Is why there are different myths and MIS-understanding and have failed to provide one convincing definition. It Is proven that germinal quite a little are complex as It also states creativity is complex people who are complex have the habit of showing persuasions and actions that others set apart (Scoot Barry Kauffman 2011).The seven myths discussed In this essay are the smarter you, the more creative you are, If u dont express creativity ate a certain(prenominal) age Its as well late, alcoholic beverage and drugs pass on make you more creative, time pressure fuels creativity, money Is a creativity motivator, creativity come from creative people, creativity Is Just one constantan moment. The first myth states The smarter you are, the more creative you are (Constantine Indianapolis & Patrick Dawson 2009 peg 19/20) this Is not necessarily true you dont have to be smart yet you need to have certain companionship.There Is now Instant access to any Information through the Internet, but to Innovate something ND create something you need to be highly meliorate and smart they say (Amiable 1996). An example would be of the greatest clients Albert Einstein who had proved the theory of relativity. He was not from a very educated background and was experiencing speech difficulties In his early daylights. He used to work SIX days a week on his scientific theories at the age of 26 Kneeler Rosenberg 20th century).The other example Is of Michael Angelo who was a well cognize painter, sculpture, architect and a p oet he had no Interest In schooling incomplete any Interest In his formally financial business. He used to go vaults the church and see the people planting and rough drawing that gave him some knowledge about It (w. NM. Bibliography. Com/melancholies). These they were doing that made them so creative. Whereas Michael Angelo is concerned he didnt need to smart to paint all he needed were a little knowledge and an idea to express it through art.The second myth states that If you dont express creativity by a certain age its too late (TherSE histrion creative minds). This is clear not true there is no age to show what your creative about. Although some people find out their inner ability of being retrieve a little late, but it does not mean they cannot express it when they pass a certain age. For egg Anna Mary Robertson Moses also cognize as Grandma Moses who was a well-known artist, she became a public attention in 1940 at the age 80, where she has started painting in a natural way , drawing from her memory and painting on Americans rural sceneries.Furthermore, she had no training and did it because she enjoyed doing it, all this started after she had retired from a career in embroidery because of arthritis (Silent Reed 2013). However I believe people tend to realize their retentiveness after a certain age, when they are free are figure out what they enjoy doing enables them to generate out their creativeness and draw up a picture in their mind. People get De motivated after listening to people saying its too late or you have passed that age which makes them even more less confidence which does not let them become creative. One is neer too old to break through in life Anna Mary Robertson Mosses The third myth states that Alcohol and Drugs will make you more creative (TherSE Actor creative minds). I privately dont believe thats true people have a psychological effect that makes them feel that when they are under the influence of drugs and alcohol they beca me creative. It is proven to be shown that people under the influence of drugs and alcohol become creative precisely because the stimulants creates the illusion of creativity (Mark Smith 2010).This makes people feel that they are creative and this creativity of theirs does not remain for long and can stifle. I believe the idea of being creative after consuming alcohol and drugs tempts musicians and artists to try and instead results in an early loss of life or when they re under the influence of drugs and alcohol their behavior changes and also takes them into deeper thoughts convincing them to suicide or overdose themselves. A clear example would be of the famous Elvis Presley who was known as the king of rock and roll, who had died of overdosing himself with drugs on the 16th of August 1977.At first people thought it was Just a heart attack, later it was found that the reason of his death was because of a massive drug overdose (wry. Unsolved. Com/ Elvis Presley). Elvis Presley w oke up on the 16th of August, premeditated, planned, took and killed himself deliberately David Stanley. Nevertheless, there are celebrities who have overcome these dug problems and are still creative and famous. For instance the famous rapper Ben Hagglers also known as Mackerel who had also started drinking and dabbling into drugs, he also claimed l dont have moderation when using drugs and alcohol.It got to the point where it was hurting my life, my potential. He then entered rehab and sobered himself up in 2008 and now his having the Auks biggest- selling single (Siam Growing 2013). Celebrities easily get which is clearly untrue, thus a myth. The Fourth myth states that Time pressure eels creativity (Bill Breed 2004) this is clearly made up from someone. I cannot think of anything creative when there is time pressure. People tend to take bad decisions in hurry which leads bad consequences and I feel are the least creative.In one of the research it is shown that people who work u nder great pressure fail to be creative on that day and also the next two days as well (Bill Breed 2004). This does not allow people to engage in the problem properly and are unable to come up with a better idea. To be creative it is necessary to concentrate on the particular problem, et the problem soak into your brain exclusively and then let the ideas flow out, thus creativity need preparation time (Bill Breed 2004).An example to support this myth would be of Sir Isaac Newton who was one of the greatest scientists he also impressed many people with his knowledge on bible. His most famous theories he discovered was the work and gravitation, thus known as the apple story. He was able to discover his theories when he had the eighteen months gap when his school was shut due to the plague in the summer 1665 (Chris pinnated last visited 2917/13). Therefore, no expert can be creative under time pressure even the worlds renowned scientists took eighteen months to discover his theories on motion and gravity.The fifth myth states that Money is a creativity motivator (Bill Breed 2004) this myth is also very much untrue. Creativity comes from within ones self and the only motivation for creativity is by verbal motivation. A person presenting his creativeness and ideas should be recognized by others and supported in order to be motivated. Studies show that many people said that money isnt everything and it is not elevate on a daily basis.For those who want to show their creativenesss they do not need any money all they need is a little confidence to show what they are capable of. Individuals who work towards money feel that their works performance will affect their compensation are most likely to be less creative. They should be happy with their compensation they receive and research has also shown that workers are more creative when they are interested on their work and are able to extend their skills (Bill Breed 2004).An example to illustrate this myth would be of the website Flicker. Ludicrous the inventors of shimmer had before started a online multilayer gaming software in the year 2002-3, after about an year they realized on the software they had created there was this chat that enables gamers to serving pictures and videos and they thought even though they got this big gaming software, they decided to get rid of it and make the sharing of pictures and videos into a big business so thats how electric arc was invented (Scott Bergen 2008).So the above example clearly states that although ludicrous was making profits out of the gaming business, but still decided to o ahead with their creative idea and started the flicker business with confidence. Therefore money was not a motivating factor that had driven them to start flicker. Creativity takes courage Henry Matrices The sixth myth state that Creativity comes from creative people (Bill Breed 2004) is not true at all. Everyone has the capabilities to become creative it takes knowledge, sk ills and experience.This specially happens in organizations where the managers feel that only certain employees in the organization are creative like in marketing and research and development departments and the rest of them arent like in the retrieve enough then there are barriers to creativity in which the employees are unable to tap their creative potential, thus reducing the success of the business (Bill Breed 2008). People also Judge people in not being creative if they are not from a creative background and not anywhere in the creative field.There instances where somewhere is doing something creative and a very negative comment is given towards that creativity which results in that persons potential being dropped and loses confidence, but not all people lose hope after being rejected some keep trying until they where they want to be An example to challenge this myth would be Steve Jobs who is a university dropout and was not anywhere creative neither had a creative background until he started at Hewlett-Packard.While works there he came up with this idea of personal computers and shared his idea with Hewlett-Packard and wanted them to build the personal computer unfortunately they had rejected his idea. What so ever, he never gave up on his idea and started with his ally Steve Waking to build the personal computer and came up with apple (Scott Bergen 2008).Therefore, no matter how negative comments and rejections you get about your creativeness or idea , Steve Jobs never gave up on his idea and passion and had his company apple bigger and better than Hewlett-Packard. Be a yardstick of quality, some people arent used to an environment where excellence is expected Steve Jobs. The seventh myth Creativity is Just one eureka moment (Harold Evans 2005) this is the type of myth that people have a warm belief in.They tend to wait for an eureka moment to come rather than tapping their creative side and bringing out the artistic within them. When an individual is working on a particular work and is unable to solve it, working for days and keeps thinking about the work in order to find a solution to it and finally when the brain realizes what that work process was all about and in the end the solution for that work problem is all clear in your mind, that is when the eureka moment happens (Wisped).Although Archimedes did have is eureka moment that was not true, he was already an intelligent person and he was already working on conclusion a solution. He simply kept his mind open and was thoughtful and observing and taking time to connect the puzzle when he finally split the puzzle he screamed eureka (Andre Duran 2013). An example to confront this myth is Henry Ford although he did not have his eureka moment, but he was creative enough to come with the assemble line idea after failing twice with two automobile companies (Robert Greene 2012).

Analysis of the General Environment Factors

Market Size and growth rate Market size of the intentness is 40 billon and the industry has been growing at the rate 20% during the period 2000-08. The industry is currently in the rapid growth and takeoff phase since many innovations ar coming up and the industry is being attracted by many big corporate to enter in. Number of rivals The industry is divided into two sub segments bit tests and specialised tests. In routine test segment, the industry is fragmented into many small companies at the local and regional direct.In specialised test segment, the industry is dominated by few large companies such as Piramal, SRL Ranbaxy, etc. Since there is moo follow associated with setting up labs at local level and the industry has bright future prospects so it is attracting large number of local companies and also big corporate to enter the grocery. Scope of competitive rivalry closely companies in this industry compete at local geographic area since there is less cost associated wi th setting up the labs in local areas and hence it is easy for local players to enter in the market.Moreover, routine market comprises of 61% of the total market share which includes large number of small players and hence the arguing is fierce at local level. Also, companies present globally have competitive advantage in terms of high end applied science since it requires large investments which is not afforded by small players. Therefore looking at the long term perspective, globalisation is conducive for the increase in bottom line. Number of buyers There are two types of buyers doctors and patients. But most patients visit symptomatic centres only on the recommendation of doctors.Therefore referring doctors extol discretionary power to refer the patients to any diagnostic centre. Also the number of local diagnostic centres are many and doctors refer the patients where they have tie up and one which provide them better incentives. Therefore doctors enjoy high bargaining power . But specialized test centres are very few so they have significant bargaining power. Degree of product specialisation Routine segment is characterized by low product differentiation because routine tests include simple tests interchange fitting blood test, sugar test, etc. hich does not occupy much technical competency. And since there are large number of players in this segment and there is low product differentiation, this has led to fierce competition and low profitability. Whereas, specialized segment is characterized by presence of economies of scale so there is high product differentiation in terms of technology, modus operandi. Also, this segment is capital intensifier therefore it has fewer number of players. Product innovation The industry is characterized by rapid product innovation, for example, introduction of genome studies, molecular diagnostics and so on.As the methods of diagnosing are becoming more sensitive and specific, it is leading to rapid obsolescence o f old technology. Also there are opportunities to overtake rivals by being first to market with next generation products like Tele-Radiology, Tele Pathology. Supply/demand conditions Also as there are large number of players in routine segment, there is intense rivalry at local level. This rivalry has resulted in price wars. In specialized segment, which comprises of national players, there is moderate rivalry since players compete in similar markets and market potential is high.Pace of technological change As mentioned earlier, industry is marked with rapid change in technology and, methods of diagnosis. Rapidly advancement of technology in the methods of diagnosis and equipments is leading to rapid obsolescence of old technology. Most diagnostic centres need new technology with a need to replace equipments every sextuplet months which is not financially viable for most of the centres. Vertical integration Most competitors operate only in one segment that is diagnosis.But some co mpetitors like Piramal operate in multiple stages, for example it operates through B2C (Business to customer), D2C (Doctor to customer), B2B (Business to Business) modes. Economies of Scale The industry is characterized by economies of scale. But in routine segment, despite of the presence of economies of scale, none of the players has able to achieve high end volumes, due to intense competition and absence of government policies for restricting the entry of newer players, in order to gain substantial cost advantage. Specialized segment is also characterized by significant economies of scale.

Was the Iraqi Use of Military Force in the First Gulf War Justified?

Was the Iraki use of military force in The archetypical gulf War justified? In the end of Cold War, a new problem for the inter tribeal community emerged. In the summer 1990 Iraq launched an onset of Kuwait. Since the organization of the United Nations, the international legality has played a significant role in relations between states and the survival of the fittest has no longer been a accepted reason for aggression. Hence, as Iraq has been a UN member a since 1945, its government must pass water advocated its use of military force somehow. Thus Saddam ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein took an benefit of ongoing disputes with his neighbour.The purpose of this essay is to prove that the frugal frictions between Iraq and Kuwait could non execute as a justification for the Iraqi invasion. Firstly, this paper volition examine financial quarrels between the two countries. Secondly, a dispute over price of vegetable oil will be discussed. Financial issues between Iraq and Kuwait have their roots in the Iraq-Iran warfare. The eight years of fighting have caused economic instability in Iraq. The local government was suddenly forced to deal with ruined infrastructure, depleted oil reserves, and mainly, with the third largest debt in the world that accounted for $80billion (CIA, 2007).In short, local economy got in a dire situation and in coif to keep the hoidenish going, Iraqi leaders needed to obtain extra m wholenessy as soon as possible. As a result, Saddam Hussein urged Kuwait to lay aside off the whole Iraqi debt and in addition, provide Baghdad with another $10billion. As Kuwait belonged to Iraqs biggest creditors, the amount of Iraqi debt was definitely not negligible. In fact, Iraq owed Gulf States approximately $40billion at the time (Freedman & Karsh, 1993).Hussein decided to advocate his daring demand by claiming that without Iran-Iraq war, Gulf States would have been forced to pay larger sums in order to protect themselves from Iran and its Isl amic revolution. Accordingly, in the Iraqi point of view, Baghdad deserved to be compensated for the war expenditures. Iraqi former foreign minister, Tariq Aziz, expatiate on this topic with pan-Arabic rhetoric. In his memorandum to the Secretary-General of the Arab League, Aziz argued that despite the division into states, all Arabs still remained adept country and what belonged to one, belonged to all.Therefore, according to Aziz, financial support provided to Iraq by Gulf States should not have been regarded as debt, but as aid (Salinger & Laurent, 1991). However, since the establishment of the United Nations, the principle of the pan-Arabism has not been legitimate. On the basis of Article 2, paragraph 1 of the UN Charter, all states are sovereign. This humbles they have full authority over their own territory and cannot be forced into a decision they do not want to make. It seems logical that no country would voluntarily forget a huge debt and render another $10 billion for no service in return.For this reason, Kuwait considered the Iraqi far reaching demand as bullying (Mylroie, 1993 Salinger & Laurent, 1991 Bulloch & Morris, 1991). Moreover, thither was possibility that if Kuwait had fulfilled the Iraqi request, more Iraqi demands for additive money would have followed (Mylroie, 1993 Karsh & Rautsi, 1991). Hence, Kuwaiti government refused to negotiate with Iraq for most of the time and ignored the Iraqi insistence. Nevertheless, when the situation got more escalated, delegates of both parties finally met at a congress in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Here, at last, Kuwait made a concession and offered Saddam Hussein and his cabinet a cancellation of Iraqi debt and a bring of $500million (Musallam, 1996). However, Saddam Hussein did not accept this offer and immediately the next day, on August 1st 1990, sent Iraqi troops on the Kuwaiti border. According to Baran and Rubin (1993), Kuwaiti government perceived the meeting in Jeddah as a starting point for bar gaining and perhaps even further concessions. Iraq, on the other hand, came only to deliver an ultimatum. This essay will now examine this financial dispute between Iraq and Kuwait in terms of international fair play.As the law stands, a war must be fought for a just cause. Among other things, it mainly means that a war should be waged only as a last resort, when all possible peaceful options have failed (OBrien, 1981). With application of this rule to the frictions discussed above, it is plausible to argue that Saddam Hussein and his government did not try to realize the dispute by all peaceful options. On the one hand, they were urging Kuwait to negotiate in the beginning. On the other, when Kuwait finally offered a concession, Iraqi government rebuffed it and immediately launched an invasion of Kuwait.Clearly, this time it was Husseins turn to make a concession to Kuwait. Even if afterwards the bilateral negotiations would have failed, there would have been still other peaceful ways how to solve the problem, such as for example good offices, conciliation, arbitration or judicial settlement. Meanwhile, none of these were employed. From this, one can see that Iraq should not have advocated its invasion to Kuwait with an argument that Kuwait ignored all his financial needs. As the Iraqi demand was truly daring, Hussein should have tried much more to bargain and make a compromise.The second pressing economic problem was the oil price. Since Iraqi oil industry accounted for 95% of countrys foreign currency earnings (CIA, 2007), petroleum was very important for Saddam Hussein, especially in the post-war years. In order to raise extra revenues necessary for the reconstruction of the country, Iraqi government needed the oil price to grow as much as possible. However, a control in the Iraqi plan became once again Kuwait. The Gulf State was producing more oil than Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quotas allowed and this overproduction led to a slump of oil prices.Whereas in January 1990 a barrel of petroleum cost $20. 5, two months later it was only $18 (Freedman & Karsh, 1993). For this reason, Saddam Hussein was losing a tantrum of future revenues. Consequently, Iraq demanded Kuwait to reduce its quotas in exporting oil so that the prices could grow again. This request was completely ignored from the Kuwaiti side. In fact, instead of permanent the oil limits to make more space for increased Iraqi production, Kuwait continued to far exceed them by $0. 6 million barrels a day (Salinger & Laurent, 1991).It was as if Kuwait kicked into the hornets nest. Iraqi foreign minister immediately declared that Kuwait was utterly and knowingly trying to bring Baghdad to its knees (Salinger & Laurent, 1991, 37). On a meeting of Arab monarch in the spring 1990, Saddam Hussein even escalated the situation further by aggressively stating that war doesnt mean just tanks, artillery of ships. It can take subtler and more insidious fo rms, such as the overproduction of oil, economic damage and pressure to enslave a nation (Salinger & Laurent, 1991 31).In this way, he directly accused Kuwaiti leaders of waging a war against Iraq. Even though Kuwait never publicly acknowledged being in an economic war with Husseins regime, from a leaked letter between a Kuwaiti statesman and the Kuwaiti king, it became clear that a part of the Iraqi accusations was justifiable. The letter showed that Kuwait was, indeed, purposely taking an advantage of the dire economic situation in Iraq in order to put pressure on Husseins regime (Salinger & Laurent, 1991). But still, it was OPECs rules and OPEC quotas that Kuwait did not adhere to.Therefore, it was OPECs responsibility to deal with the problem, not Husseins. A lack of consensus among OPEC members slightly how to deal with the overproduction led to lengthy negotiations and no tangible result for a long time. At last, a few days before the invasion at an OPEC meeting, Kuwait final ly agreed to abide the quotas. Nonetheless, it did not change the Iraqs violent intention. This suggests that Hussein used his argument about the economic war only as a pretext for annexation of Kuwaiti territory.Furthermore, looking at these frictions around the oil price in terms of international law again, according to the Article 2, paragraph 3 of the UN Charter, all members must in their international relations refrain from the threat or use of force. However, there is one exception to this rule and that is self-defence. Saddam Hussein was probably well aware of the right of self-defence. Therefore, he tried to make himself look insecure and claimed that Kuwait was waging an economic war and that he was only protecting his country.Nevertheless, in the article 51 of UN Charter, it is clearly stated that a UN member has a right to self-defence if an build up attacks occurs. Armed is a very important word in the discussed case, because Kuwait did not use army to intimidate Iraq a nd so Saddam Hussein could not justify his invasion in Kuwait with an argument of waging economic war as well. Based on the previous discussion, it can be concluded that Iraqi use of military force in The First Gulf War was not justified. In regard to the financial disputes and the issues of oil price, none of these can serve as an argument for invasion.In the first case, Saddam Hussein should have put in a more effort to make a compromise with Kuwait. In the second one, OPEC had a responsibility to solve the problem, not the Iraqi government. Moreover, as the international law stands, both Iraqi arguments were not legitimate. In general, Saddam Hussein only confirmed Aristotles idea, according to which tyrants are trying to make themselves look insecure but this is only because they want to obtain what is justly not theirs. Reference List Aristotle. (1995) Politics. Oxford Oxford University labor.Baran, A &Rubin, B. (1993) Iraqs Road to War. capital of the United Kingdom Macmillan Press Bulloch, J & Morris, H. (1991) Saddam War The Origins of the Kuwaiti conflict and the International Response. London Faber and Faber profound Intelligence Agency. (2007) Iraq Economic Data (1989-2003). Retrieved 16 August 2012 from https//www. cia. gov/library/reports/general-reports-1/iraq_wmd_2004/chap2_annxD. html The Charter of United Nations. Retrieved 16 August 2012 from http//www. un. org/en/documents/charter/ Freedman,L & Karsh, E. 1993) The Gulf Conflict. London Faber and Faber Karsh, E & Rautsi, I. (1991) Why Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait. Survival Global Politics and Strategy, Vol. 33 Issue 1, pages 18-30. Mussalam, M. (1996) The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. London British Academic Press Mylroie, L. (1993) Why Saddam Hussein invaded Iraq. Orbis, Vol. 37 Issue 1. OBrien, W. (1981) The Conduct of Just and Limited War. New York Praeger Salinger, P & Laurent, E. (1991) Secret Dossier The Hidden Agenda lavatory the Gulf War. New York Penguin Books.

Mao is a Rotten Egg

I enjoyed reading Chairman monoamine oxidase is a Rotten Egg because it shows the relationship between parents and children and parents and the government under Mao Tse-tung. The mother in the story was very concerned with what she thought her child said because it had potential to jeopardize her relationship or right standing with the government. If her child, Ching-Ching, was a counterrevolutionary, there was a possibility that he would have been killed or at the least had his statement on record for the rest of his life.You can in any case shape how other parents reacted to what they thought their children said. For example, Tung-Tung was in trouble later on in the story because his father thought that he had said something against Chairman Mao. The story also lets us know what Tung-Tung rarely cried, so for his father to become very angry about his statement more than if he had lied or do something else he knew he wasnt supposed to do, their regard for Chairman Mao must be inc redibly high.Chen Jo-hsi, according to the Time article, wrote about situations that could have happened in China during that time period. I think it is important because while there was no literature produced out of China under Tse-tung, those who read these stories and who live in China can relate to these situations. However, I think it would be difficult for me to live in a place where I have to be a little more loyal to my government than to my own family.

Introduction to Information Systems Essay

Abstract For my final paper I will Identify three vital tools of noesis trouble and knowledge focal point schemas, social networking systems, (CRM) customer relationship management, and (31) business intelligence. I wlll explain how an organization dismiss utilize knowledge management resources to assist the company in running game a undefeated business. will also explore knowledge management as we know it today. Knowledge Management Introduction Knowledge management is cruci solelyy important to any organization for resources which aids a company In providing its staff with the most accurate data needed in uch a belligerent and fast passed time.We will explore three tools that aid us in knowledge management and learn how these tools are of great benefit to a successful business. We will also look at knowledge management as we know it today. Narrative sections There are three vital tools of knowledge management and knowledge management systems I want to explore. They are as fo llows social networking systems, customer relationship management and business intelligence. Information technology aids knowledge management to provide up to date and ccurate data desired on a moments notice to companVs elements.A knowledge management system is of great value for any organizations in everyday situations by enabling the employee access to other colleges documents and information. Knowledge management systems allow each staffs member the capability to stay organized and utilize figures and data from the organization. Being able to share this information throughout the company evoke succor the organization in providing a better quality job that may even lead to improvements. Each business varies in the types of knowledge management needed to run its rganization trom documents, technology, networks, barely to name a few.Each type ot knowledge managements can accommodate different business methods from push strategy pull strategy, competence management to databases. You moldiness first distinguish between the vast types of knowledge to understand the different kinds of knowledge management needed. Different fields focus on different types want explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and embedded knowledge. sale or a great investment opportunity. A social network allows a company to interact with its customers and employees all around the globe.More businesses are growing by staying connected with its customers with Facebook and Twitter. Social networks give a company the capability to reach a broader audience via the instauration Wide Web. The larges social network site today is Facebook which a lot of companies are beginning to utilize. Social networks operate through person-to-person and social influence. Companies can goat their customers through social networks and optimize their social outreach. Companies also have the capability to respond to a customers concern and engage in a meaningful connection with repeat and new customers.With the hundreds of networking sites to access, it can be a challenge to manage multiple social sites, but the opportunities are endless. guest relationship management provides an inside look to its customers purchase patterns that attend to plan the organizations sales activities. CRM will allow a company to target customers and generate leads for their sale items. Customer relationship management allows the business the needed information to better understand their customer base, building a more businesslike business relationship between company, customer and distributer.With such important information gathered, a company can deliver customer gratification while choose the most of its profits. A business can utilize CRM software to focus on the customers specific consumptions and thus tailor to their needs. CRM software provides a company with a buyer history and preferences leading to potential buys. Shoppers buying patterns can help to cross sell other items. Shoppers can be do aw are of easy items of their preference making for an easy marketing strategy.Business intelligence is raw information gathered from a data warehouse to help ake effective business decisions. With business intelligence you can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of your company and stay competitive in todays market. With the proper information and good IT verify a company can operate with good business intelligence. There are steps to properly utilizing good business intelligence. Gathering of information and incorporating alert information is the key to decision making. Data Marts are critical to help its members gain access to specific information needed.For better decision making, each epartment can access only the portion of information it requires versus being overwhelmed with unnecessary information. Being able to access the right information and the right time will help minimize errors of duplication and help run each department efficiently. Having the right softw are with good IT makes for a successful business. advantage of every source available to you. Your organization will run efficiently and with minimal inaccuracies. Focus on delivering up-to-date data for timely decision making.

Othello Betryal

betryal othello QuestionExamine the role of sleep together and high treason in the break away? Othello is one of the more brilliant plays, which bugger off hearts of a wide audience, written by the great author William Shakespeare. This play is considered to be one of Shakespeares excellent pieces of compose based on tragedies, up to date. The play unfolds with depicted objects such as romance, cognize which eventually ends in betrayal, tragedy, agony, which makes the Othello a wonderful play to discuss. What is love?How Shakespeare illustrates delicately the qualities of love as tolerance, com oestrus, kindness, sensitiveness, happiness and sadness within different characters in the play. What is betrayal? How Shakespeare portrays the theme of betrayal by changing the love into mistrust and misunderstanding which eventually leads to hatred and faulty destruction of compassionate lovers. It is interesting to know how both themes together pull in a brilliant play of trage dy. With in all the themes intermix in the play Othello, Love is a theme that is very some(prenominal) evident to the wide audience of Shakespeare plays.Like in new(prenominal) stories of Shakespeare, Othello speaks of love by utilise main characters to make for the audience with the idea of love. Greatest love of all characters is shown by Desdemona the upright and truthful wife of Othello. Desdemona, because of the love and trust she has on Othello chooses to cease her dad, to lead a happy living with the love of her support. I do perceive here a divided duty. To you I am bound for life and education My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are the nobleman of duty I am hitherto your daughter.But heres my economise, And so much duty as my mother showed To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge, that I may profess due to the Moor my lord (758). The love Desdemona has for her husband makes her hide the truth about her missing ha nky because she was well aware that Othello will be hurt to know the truth. Love and passion Othello has towards Desdemona are shown in many parts of the play. Overflowing love that Othello has towards Desdemona creates covetousy and in return causes the demolition of Desdemona.Unconditional love that Othello has for Desdemona is clearly shown when he kills himself after the death of his lover. I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way only if this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss (858). The love Desdemona has for Othello was not shaken till her last breathing time even though Othellos love for Desdemona is corrupted by jealousy. Roderigo another brilliant character who is enticed by the emotion of love goes to an extent of killing others because of the love he has towards Desdemona.One other relationship of love and friendship is seen between genus Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia stands up for Desdemona, her innocent mistress, to prove her innocence by bringing her husbands no-g ood deeds to the sight of Othello. Even though Emilia steals her mistresss hankey because of her love towards her husband, she ends up standing up for her amiable mistress. Iago uses love as a source of advantage to gain success in revenge. He fakes love as a friend to Cassio, Rodrigo, as a husband to Emilia for his own benefit.Iagos idea of love is control. It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. (763). He uses peoples affections towards love as a weapon to create a friction between characters which eventually leads to betrayal. One element that is often pointed out by Shakespeare in the play is betrayal. Iago a well known character plays the center role in most betrayals thats taking place in the play. The character Iago is turn to as honest Iago. Iago is most honest (Shakespeare 2. 3. 777).Even though he is known to be honest he uses everyones trust against them and plants fake ideas which crate conflicts. Iago, jealous of Cassio who is second in command to Othello, gets Cassio drunk and brings shame on him in the presence of Othello. Roderigo is a someone who can be tricked easily this fact outflows Iago a chance to create hatred between Roderigo and Othello. Iago is convinced that Roderigo is in love Desdemona so he creates friction between Roderigo and Othello with the idea of Othello mistreating Desdemona.Above all Othello is being betrayed by Iago in legion(predicate) parts of the play. Iagos jealousy towards Othellos position as a great general, Iago develops rude intentions of getting revenge by hurry Othellos reputation, accordingly creating doubts in Othellos heart about his dear wife Desdemona. Othello being fooled and manipulated by Iago, convinced Desdemonas love is fake, end up murdering his innocent wife. I follow him to serve my turn upon him (Shakespeare 1. 1. 44742).However, even though Iago plays an important part in the play, all the other characters play a role of betrayal at some point or the other. Emalia who is playing the character of Iagos wife betrays her husband by telling Othello that she stole the handkerchief for her husband, which eventually leads to the death of both Emalia and Iago. O thou dull Moor That handkerchief thou speakst of I found by fortune and did give my husband For often, with a solemn earnestness, More than indeed belonged to such a trifle, He begged of me to steal t (853).The character Desdemona who is known to be innocent, sweet wife of Othello betrays her husband by hiding the fact that she lost the handkerchief, making her husband suspect her more on the fact that she is having an affair with Cassio. It is not lost but what an if it were? (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). Fetch me the handkerchief My mind misgives (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). The biggest betrayal is somehow caused by Othello by blindly trusting evil Iago and not listening to his loving, truthful wife, which causes most of the deaths in the play.Trusting the wrong person and reacting to certain situ ations without thinking can lead to great tragedy which Shakespeare the great writer has depicted in the play Othello. As mentioned in the introduction the theme love is a combination of various different factors. At the beginning Shakespeare leaves a question mark within the audience as to what love is. afterward a throw analysis, Desdemona and Othellos love seems as innocent, quixotic love fails because of the lack of a strong foundation of trust, communication which causes romantic love eventually turns into a love of profane.Othello Betryalbetryal othello QuestionExamine the role of love and betrayal in the play? Othello is one of the many brilliant plays, which capture hearts of a wide audience, written by the great author William Shakespeare. This play is considered to be one of Shakespeares excellent pieces of writing based on tragedies, up to date. The play unfolds with themes such as romance, love which eventually ends in betrayal, tragedy, agony, which makes the Othello a wonderful play to discuss. What is love?How Shakespeare illustrates delicately the qualities of love as tolerance, compassion, kindness, sensitiveness, happiness and sadness within different characters in the play. What is betrayal? How Shakespeare portrays the theme of betrayal by changing the love into mistrust and misunderstanding which finally leads to hatred and untimely death of compassionate lovers. It is interesting to know how both themes together create a brilliant play of tragedy. With in all the themes blended in the play Othello, Love is a theme that is very much evident to the wide audience of Shakespeare plays.Like in other stories of Shakespeare, Othello speaks of love by using main characters to influence the audience with the idea of love. Greatest love of all characters is shown by Desdemona the honest and truthful wife of Othello. Desdemona, because of the love and trust she has on Othello chooses to leave her dad, to lead a happy life with the love of her life . I do perceive here a divided duty. To you I am bound for life and education My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are the lord of duty I am hitherto your daughter.But heres my husband, And so much duty as my mother showed To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge, that I may profess due to the Moor my lord (758). The love Desdemona has for her husband makes her hide the truth about her missing handkerchief because she was well aware that Othello will be hurt to know the truth. Love and passion Othello has towards Desdemona are shown in many parts of the play. Overflowing love that Othello has towards Desdemona creates jealousy and in return causes the death of Desdemona.Unconditional love that Othello has for Desdemona is clearly shown when he kills himself after the death of his lover. I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss (858). The love Desdemona has for Othello was not shaken till her l ast breath even though Othellos love for Desdemona is corrupted by jealousy. Roderigo another brilliant character who is enticed by the emotion of love goes to an extent of killing others because of the love he has towards Desdemona.One other relationship of love and friendship is seen between Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia stands up for Desdemona, her innocent mistress, to prove her innocence by bringing her husbands bad deeds to the sight of Othello. Even though Emilia steals her mistresss handkerchief because of her love towards her husband, she ends up standing up for her loving mistress. Iago uses love as a source of advantage to gain success in revenge. He fakes love as a friend to Cassio, Rodrigo, as a husband to Emilia for his own benefit.Iagos idea of love is control. It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. (763). He uses peoples affections towards love as a weapon to create a friction between characters which eventually leads to betrayal. One element that is often pointed out by Shakespeare in the play is betrayal. Iago a well known character plays the center role in most betrayals thats taking place in the play. The character Iago is addressed as honest Iago. Iago is most honest (Shakespeare 2. 3. 777).Even though he is known to be honest he uses everyones trust against them and plants fake ideas which crate conflicts. Iago, jealous of Cassio who is second in command to Othello, gets Cassio drunk and brings shame on him in the presence of Othello. Roderigo is a person who can be tricked easily this fact gives Iago a chance to create hatred between Roderigo and Othello. Iago is convinced that Roderigo is in love Desdemona so he creates friction between Roderigo and Othello with the idea of Othello mistreating Desdemona.Above all Othello is being betrayed by Iago in numerous parts of the play. Iagos jealousy towards Othellos position as a great general, Iago develops rude intentions of getting revenge by running Othellos reputati on, then creating doubts in Othellos heart about his dear wife Desdemona. Othello being fooled and manipulated by Iago, convinced Desdemonas love is fake, end up murdering his innocent wife. I follow him to serve my turn upon him (Shakespeare 1. 1. 44742).However, even though Iago plays an important part in the play, all the other characters play a role of betrayal at some point or the other. Emalia who is playing the character of Iagos wife betrays her husband by telling Othello that she stole the handkerchief for her husband, which eventually leads to the death of both Emalia and Iago. O thou dull Moor That handkerchief thou speakst of I found by fortune and did give my husband For often, with a solemn earnestness, More than indeed belonged to such a trifle, He begged of me to steal t (853).The character Desdemona who is known to be innocent, sweet wife of Othello betrays her husband by hiding the fact that she lost the handkerchief, making her husband suspect her more on the fact that she is having an affair with Cassio. It is not lost but what an if it were? (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). Fetch me the handkerchief My mind misgives (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). The biggest betrayal is somehow caused by Othello by blindly trusting evil Iago and not listening to his loving, truthful wife, which causes most of the deaths in the play.Trusting the wrong person and reacting to certain situations without thinking can lead to great tragedy which Shakespeare the great writer has depicted in the play Othello. As mentioned in the introduction the theme love is a combination of various different factors. At the beginning Shakespeare leaves a question mark within the audience as to what love is. After a throw analysis, Desdemona and Othellos love seems as innocent, romantic love fails because of the lack of a strong foundation of trust, communication which causes romantic love eventually turns into a love of profane.

Integrating Music Experiences In The Classroom Education Essay

Music is a worldwide phenomenon. An enjoyment and grasp of music is apparent in every civilization, yesteryear and nowadays. Adults and kids interchangeablewise listen, exercise or compose music in a assortment of ways for cultural and personal grounds. In resort areas, places and schools kids dance, drama and sing for enjoyment and social interaction. In Queensland province schools a specializer music instructor provides pupils with hebdomadal chances to actively prosecute in birdsongizing, playing, reading and composing music. However the function and grandeur of the non-specialist schoolroom instructor to supply music experiences should non be undervalued. By incorporating music activities into day-to-day schoolroom purport instructors go off collapse community, enhance acquisition experiences and wee-wee an grasp of Australian and universe civilizations. By supplying chances for pupils to sing, play and make music the schoolroom instructor acknowledges the of import func tion music plays in the life of every kid.Music and motion activities tin can be shared experiences that make kids experience package of a free radical, promoting cooperation, teamwork and make a sense of community within the schoolroom. As suggested by Carlow ( 2008, p. 4 ) as kids take part in melodic activities together, their encephalons, organic structures and Black Marias are engaged and singularly focused in an knowing conjunction activity. Children can develop societal accomplishments whilst playing musical games necessitating cooperation such as .. Emotional consequence of music is an plus in the schoolroom. filter out every(prenominal)eviating affects can be utilised to alter the temper in the schoolroom, aid with transitional activities and alleviate subject jobs. Singing or listening to music can be used as a basic schoolroom direction technique to welcome pupils, cue the beginning or terminal of an activity or relax pupils after interruption ( Carlow, 2008 ) Mu sic can enrich and inspire lessons.f rom The benefits of musical activities for kids with physical or cognitive disablements is good researched and can athletic supporter in making an inclusive schoolroom environment that engenders a shared sense of humanity.Music and motion experiences help develop two sides of the encephalon, an of import intention in recent encephalon research, and contribute to kids s physical, cognitive and linguistic communication development. Experiences with music, which frequently involvement motion every bit good, are unforgettable because they are non restricted to the mind but besides touch the emotions and affect the senses. Music can heighten the creativeness, assurance and quality of schoolroom acquisition experiences for all pupils. Music accommodates for multiple acquisition manners including kinesthetic through motion and dance, mathematical-logical through bring forthing and listening to music and interpersonal through playing and executing f or others. Musical activities and games can help pupils to better their beat, remainder and fluidness ( Singer, p. 54 ) . Research suggests that simple exercisings such as walking on a balance beam to a membranophone round will assist better both physical and reading sleight. Using a assortment of beat and tempo may help pupils reading eloquence as a connexion is made and internalised between the ocular actors line ( length of words ) and the auditory ( words and beat beats ) and the kinesthetic ( body motion ) Singer, p. 54. Comparisons of sounds of assorted music instruments helps pupils to ticket tune their hearing accomplishments and audile favoritism ( Singer, p.55 ) . Music expresses human feeling, kids should see to it music in such a manner that they are progressively cognizant of composers provoke used sound to show deeper inner feelings, which like thoughts have transcended people, topographic points and civilizations. It is in the schoolroom that kids can see composit ion and improvising and doing music for a assortment of times and topographic points. Sense of how humanity expresses itself with sound. Cognitive development, kids cipher jobs whilst engaged in music and motion activities, which instrument can be used to do the sound of boom. They create forms with the words they sing or chant, with the gestures they make with their organic structures, and with musical instruments. Children learn more or less figure constructs as they clap their custodies to a round. They think symbolically when they pretend to walk like an elephant to music.. Music experiences can be organised close to jobs, issues or subjects derived from existent life state of affairss, in which precedence is given to active acquisition and significance devising transferrable and connected to reliable mundane life fortunes ( Eisner, 2004 and Davis, 2005 as cited in Temmerman p. 39 ) . .Music can heighten our apprehension of ourselves and the universe. Music from different c ivilizations contributes to our apprehension of both others and ourselves. As pupils sing, drama instruments and listen to music kids are encouraged to see, regard and appreciate the parts of people, civilizations and eras different from their ain. variants composed or jury-rigged provide kids with a agencies to b tell the universe through their ain efficacy to do significance. As suggested by Joseph, p. 27 our universe is progressively going interdependent and all pupils should make their function in a planetary society. As suggested by Nieto, 2002 cited in Joseph p. 27 The boundary lines between civilizations, communities and societies are continually film overing and music serves as an of import ingredient in our multicultural society . As a cultural passage, the humanistic disciplines embody a states individuality, and music signifiers a large portion of this individuality. Music can be a critical portion of acquisition and find, chances to learn about cultural consciousnes s and values, under al-Qaeda our cultural heritage every bit good as past and present universe civilizations. Waltzing Matilda has introduced pupils to national history, vocabulary and folk outspokens ( Singer p. 55 )The map of music in the class of study is a facilitative 1, where lessons are a beginning of acquisition and experience that form merely portion of a kid s musical universe and individuality. The specializer music instructor and the schoolroom instructor can value music as a portion of mundane life.MUSIC 1Lesson Title form DegreeTime continuation of LessonFocused Con text edition for Learning unique(predicate) Learning Objectives for this Lesson1.2.3.Wayss of WorkingKnowledge and UnderstandingPrior KnowledgeTimein minsPhases of sequenced activitiesGroup memorial tablet/ refuge considerationsResourcesORIENTATERhythmic reverberation completesSinging GreetingENHANCEAnts Go Marching InSts. ask for their Year 1 brother category to sing and draw actions to the vocal.Stai rss for activity?Sts. keep custodies with Yr. 1 brother pupil( March around etc. )Mexican Woodpecker ( tonic vocal )T from each one words & A rhythm merely in this lesson. tophus vocal activityQuestionsWhat do you cognize about flying dragons?How are firedrakes perceived in Chinese civilization?Watch picture cartridge holderTchr. explains by the terminal of the unit sts. will be making their ain firedrake vocal, music and actions..Sts. watch a picture cartridge holder demoing a traditional Chinese firedrake dance.Sts. insight thoughts, features of the Chinese firedrake ( Dragon song thoughts )Watch picture cartridge holderSts. usage list of words ( Dragon song ideas ) to make 8 short lines of text about the Chinese firedrake.Tchr points out up/down moving ridges of motion.Appendix 1.1Appendix 1.2Synthesise sagaciousness Techniques and InstrumentsTeaching Resources Specific for this LessonMentionsMUSIC 2Lesson TitleYear DegreeTime Duration of LessonFocused Context for LearningKeep ing the round to short vocalsKnow and understand assorted meters ( 2/4, A? , 4/4 )Specific Learning Objectives for this Lesson1. put to death a round and rhythmic form utilizing organic structure percussion2.3.Wayss of WorkingKnowledge and UnderstandingPrior KnowledgeDragon vocalSts. have created 8 lines of text and arranged them in a suited order during a literacy block.Timein minsPhases of sequenced activitiesGroup organisation/safety considerationsResourcesOrientateENHANCEMexican WoodpeckerGo over words and learn actions in a individual line?The Aardvark ( New Song )Thatch wordssTchr. chants the vocal through one time whilst sts. click fingers to the round.Tchr chants lines 1 and 2 and sts. repetitionTchr chants lines 3 and 4 and sts. repetitionSts. and Tchr. intone the vocal in unison.Teach actionsTchr. demonstrates actions line by line and sts. transcriptLine 1, cast pessLine 2, bang surrogate articulatio genuss with custodiesLine 3 bang custodies togetherLine 4 chink fingersP ractice vocalSts. and tchr. sing the chant and maintain the beat with organic structure percussion.Dragon Song natural action ( continued ) carve up category into 8 groups.Each group is allocated 1 line from the Dragon vocal they wrote in a literacy block.Making the music ( Dragon song endorsing path )Sts. listen to CD path 55QuestionsHow many beats can you hear in each form?Do you like the sound of the tune?Tchr. explains that endorsing music repeats a steady 5 round concomitant utilizing the pentatonic graduated tableSts. put up a glock with a C pentatonic graduated table and listen to the notes.Each group invent a tune for their line of the vocal devising certain it fits the 5 round form..Appendix 2.1SynthesisePlay a tune to the backup pathEach group play their musical concomitant to the 5 round backup pathAssessment Techniques and InstrumentsTeaching Resources Specific for this LessonMentionsMUSIC 3Lesson TitleYear DegreeTime Duration of LessonFocused Context for LearningSpecif ic Learning Objectives for this Lesson1.2.3.Wayss of WorkingKnowledge and UnderstandingPrior KnowledgeTimein minsPhases of sequenced activitiesGroup organisation/safety considerationsGathering groundsOrientateTchr./ pupil recognizingENHANCEThe Aardvark ( rhythmic chant sing in unit of ammunitions )Sts. intone the vocal whilst maintaining the beat utilizing organic structure percussion.Divide category in to 2 groups to execute chant as a 2 portion unit of ammunition.Divide sts. into 4 groups and execute chant as a 4 portion unit of ammunition.Mr Noah Rap ( New Song )Sts. listen to the blame on the Cadmium ( Track 19 with words and physical noises )Sts. listen to CD once more clapping the steady round throughout ( 4/4 )Sts. pattern clapping the round and stating the sound for each animate beingTchr. hands out rhythmic pattern sheet for each animate beingWithout the Cadmium sts. pattern stating the carnal sounds whilst clapping a steady round.QuestionsHow many beats does the serpent s hushing spell for ( 4 beats )What does the crocodile say on each round?( snip/snap )How many snip-snaps will we hear for the 4 beats?Class is divided into 6 groups ( one for each of the animate beings mentioned in the blame )Sts. sing along to CD ( Track 20 words but spreads where the animate being noises are so sts. can infix )Mexican WoodpeckerPractice vocal and actions togetherChinese Dragon SongPractice vocalizing and playing to endorsing pathIn same groups sts. pattern vocalizing and playing their phrase in clip with the 5 steady beats.In groups sts. pattern vocalizing and playing, one group after the following, each get downing on the first of the 5 round form.As each group sing and play their phrase they continue playing the glock to the 5 round form to make melodious phrases that overlap each other.Sts. are familiar with vocal & A actions.New activity for sts. start with 2 portion unit of ammunition and so travel to 4 portion unit of ammunition.Observe sts. ability to in tone rhythmic forms in unit of ammunitionAppendix 3.1Rhythmic carnal form sheet for each pupil.Wordss to the vocal on IWB.SynthesiseAssessment Techniques and InstrumentsTeaching Resources Specific for this LessonMentionsMUSIC 4Lesson TitleYear Degree In-between Primary ( 3-5 )Time Duration of LessonFocused Context for LearningSpecific Learning Objectives for this Lesson1.2.3.Wayss of WorkingKnowledge and UnderstandingPrior KnowledgeTimein minsPhases of sequenced activitiesGroup organisation/safety considerationsGathering grounds.OrientateENHANCEMr Noah RapClap 4/4 round ( 1, 2, 3, 4 ) ( hands/knees )Q. What vocal have we been larningwith this round? ( Please, Mr Noah )Organises sts. into 6 groups ( animate beings )Tchr.We have been utilizing our voices to stand for the animate beings today we will utilize instrumentsQ. I have some instruments here, which group shall I give them to?Hand out instruments to each groupTchr. rent each group to play instruments to their animate beings be at ( all in form on board )Play Mr Noah s Rap Track ( nonobligatory )Sts.Singing Mr Noah RapEach group plays their instrument at the appropriate clip in the vocal maintaining a steady 4/4 round.Ants Go Marching InWith Year 1 brother categoryDragon SongSts. practise Chinese Dragon vocalGo over of import points for a category public demonstrationWatch music director ( tchr. ) carefullyDressed oreStart and finish with silenceSit mutely when non playing/singingSmile and have funSynthesiseSts. execute their firedrake vocal for Year 1 brother category.Assessment Techniques and InstrumentsTeaching Resources Specific for this Lesson

Sample of Document

Entity Vietcom banking c at oncern Period ended 31/12/2012 Signifi enkindlet class of transactions/significant revelation bear on name character reference origination operation impact Significant class of transactions/ significant disclosure process owner reliance rating Policty at HODebt focussing division thickening course of study We let an hearing of the significant classes of transactions (SCOTs) and significant disclosure processes to identify and understand the perils of material misstatement at the assertion level (i. e. , what can go wrongs (WCGWs)) and, when applicable, to identify and understand the controls over the WCGWs. This template assists with completing S03 Understand significant classes of transactions and significant disclosure processes. Significant accounts alter and key business and financial statement risks related to these accounts * impart Acc * Interest Acc * Provision Acc * Expense Acc * receivable Acc Relevant assertions * Valuation * Completeness * Right and Obligation * Pre displaceation and Disclosure * Existence Nature of the SCOT ( deed, non-routine, estimation) * Routine start point (initiation) and timing of initiation and recording of the SCOT or significant disclosure process * guests covering Specific circumstances affecting the form and extent of the documentation * None Name of the IT industry that supports the SCOT * Inputs/outputs of the critical path of significant class of transactions/significant disclosure process Inputs/outputs of the livelihood IT industriousness Inputs * Inputs * Outputs * Outputs * Critical path (initiating, recording, processing, reporting, correcting incorrect information) We obtain an misgiving of the SCOTs and the significant disclosure processes by obtaining an discernment of their critical path. The critical path includes * Initiation the point where the transaction first enters the entitys process and is ready and hoagymitted for recording * Recording the point where the transaction is first recorded in the books and records of the entity * Processing any changes, manipulation or transfers of the selective information in the books and records of the entity * Reporting the point where the transaction is reported (i. e. posted) in the general ledger. When we obtain an understanding of the critical path, we obtain an understanding of how incorrectly processed information is detected and corrected on a timely basis. We withal obtain an understanding of how transactions ar accumulated and posted from the sub ledger to the general ledger, including controls over associated journal entries. We obtain an understanding of the policies and procedures in place that management uses to find out that directives are carried out and applied, including * Authorization * Segregation of incompatible duties * Safeguarding of assets * Information processing * Performance reviewsWe use our understanding of the critical path and the policies and pr ocedures to identify WCGWs and, when applicable, pertinent controls. In the course of acquiring an understanding of the processing procedures, we often learn of many of the controls in use. Thus, while the emphasis at this point is not to identify the heading or absence of controls, we are alert to the possible absence of controls, and to the points at which errors could occur and controls are require. We picture the effect IT has on the SCOTs and the significant disclosure processes. The manner in which we document our understanding of the SCOT or significant disclosure process is left to professional judgment of the engagement executives.However, for critical paths related to routine transactions, a graphical depiction of the flow (e. g. , flowchart), supported with narrative notes (e. g. , use of this template) normally provides for easier identification of the types of errors that can occur. No. Describe the critical path for the significant class of transactions/significa nt disclosure process Describe the automated aspects of the significant class of transactions/significant disclosure process, including * manual aspects that depend upon computing machine functionality or computer gene swand data * IT applications/infrastructure 1 Credit judgement and granting device 1. 1. add applicationFor both HO and Branches, Credit Dept. s organised into 3 divisions- guest and toil investment (optional) obligated for receiving and appraising lend request, monitoring and finalizing/ liquidating the loan. Debt prudence mainly responsible for storing credit entry nonplus and former(a) supporting documents as well as updating mandatory information into schema campaign with client variant in monitoring the loan. And two fortune way division involved in credit authorise process in terms of risk assessment. One is under HO and one is based on Ho Chi Minh CityFirstly, invitee/ hear investment funds incumbent receives clients Loan activity and supporting documents which are clearly stated in Article 14 Decision 228/NHNT. HTQT Lending Regulations1. 2.Loan judgement * Secondly, Based on documents obtained and the present credit regulations, invitee/ Project investiture makeicer appraises clients application under the following aspects * Suitability (in relation to approved Credit furbish up, related regulations and current risk management policies of the bank) * Feasibility, efficiency and level of risk (if exist) related to clients business plan * Solvency * positives thickening gainicer who receives and appraises loan request also responsible for monitoring and appraising substantiating. Deliverable of the officer at this stage is positive judgement Report ( inning BD 1. 1. v002), including sense of touch of client officer-in-charge and mentality of leaf node form.Regarding valuation, branches except for overbearing circumstances, are encouraged to cooperate with Independent Appraisal Firms (selected wit hin the list of allowable firms, attached with put down 946/VCB. CSTD Appendix 01). In part related is valued by VCB, Valuation Memo (Form 2. 2 Bien ostracize Dinh Gia) mustiness be prepared with signature of client and bank representative, under Decision 30/ VCB. CSTD. For collateral of over 20 billion VND, branch must send to HO the judgement documents by Appraisal firm and Appraisal/ Periodic Revelation Report (Form BD 1. 2. v002), within 2 days since the reports are give their approving self-confidence. Manual * Next, Client/ Project enthronement officer prepares and signs Report of Credit appraisal and granting intent (Bao cao th? m d? h va D? xu? t c? p TD), following Form 1. 4A, 1. 4B and 1. 5. * The Report is hencece submitted to Head of Client/ Project Investment breakdown (TP KH) for revising and signing in case the deliverables of Client/ Project Investment officer are accepted. Otherwise, he/she needs to document reasons as well as additional opinions * C redit/ Project Investment officer then prepares submission documents. a) For clients tending(p) Credit limit, Client officer submits to Branchs Director/ wickedness Director or Client Director (GD KH) for HO clients. b) For clients granted Credit limit scarcely required by Credit limit approving control (C? p th? m quy? n phe duy? ) to seek for higher authoritys approval when granting the loan, Client officer submits to both Branchs Director/ Vice Director and the authority which is stated in Announcement of Credit limit Approval (Thong bao phe duy? t GHTD). If the higher authority is topical anesthetic Credit military commission (HDTD co s? ), there is no need to submit to Branchs Director/ Vice Director. c) For clients not yet granted or beyond Credit limit, Project Investment loan is issued. Branch-based client Client/ Project Investment officer submits to Local Credit Committees Director to organise meeting based on its Regulation on Operations. HO-based client Client/ P roject Investment officer submits to authorised Client Director. For the credit limits beyond authority of Client Director, submission is sent directly to HOs Credit hazard anxiety division for incidental steps. Submission documents include * Clients Loan Request (original) * Report on Credit/ Project investment appraisal and granting marriage proposal (original) * Credit Scoring and Rating Table (original) * Legal documents for new customers * Financial statements * Other relevant documents (if available) 2. Loan approvalBased on Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal, signed by Client officer and Head of Client divider together with supporting documents, the following parties in accordance with their specific authority depart start the approving process2. 1. Branchs Director/ Vice Director * In case credit granted within Credit limit, Branchs Director/ Vice Director approves the credit grant based on Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal signed by Cli ent/ Project Investment officer and Branchs Director/ Vice Director, as well as accompanying submission documents. In case credit is granted within Credit limit but required by Credit limit approving authority to seek for higher authoritys approval when granting the loan, Client officer submits to both Branchs Director/ Vice Director and the required authority (If the higher authority is Local Credit Committee (HDTD co s? ), there is no need to submit to Branchs Director/ Vice Director). 2. 2. Local Credit Committee * by-line its Regulations on Organisation and Operations, Local Credit Committees Director organises meeting based on submission documents prepared by Client/ Project investment officer. This Committee includes Branchs director, Vice director and head of Client, Investment project and Debt management division. Local Credit Committee approves credit grants which free fall within its authority. Otherwise, based on acceptance opinion of Local Credit Committee, submission documents are then sent to chance Management particle by client officer for subsequent steps. * For branches under the processing range of HCM-based Risk Management component part, Client officer submits set of Loan Proposal documents directly to HOs Risk Management Division and 1 likeness of Loan Proposal Form (Form 3. 2) to HCM-based Division in case of beyond its authority. * Branchs set of documents include * The original Request for Loan approval Form 3. 2 (T? trinh d? ngh? phe duy? t tin d? ng/DTDA) signed by Local Credit Committees Director. A copy of Local Credit Committees Meeting minutes * Submission documents to Local Credit Committee Manual 2. 3. Risk Management Division * Based on set of Loan Proposal documents from the Branch, Risk officer evaluates credit risks and prepare Credit Risk Assessment Report (Bao cao ra soat r? i ro c? p tin d? ng) using Form 2. 3A/2. 3B/2. 4 * The report is then signed by Risk officer sooner being submitted to at least 2 controllers of Risk Management Division, who later provides their approval plus signature. * Afterwards, Risk officer prepares and signs off every page of Announcement of Credit/ Project Investment Approval( Thong bao phe duy? t c? p tin d? ng/DTDA) Form 4. , before * submitting to Head of Risk Management Division and Risk Management Director for signature * sending an original to the proposing Branch a copy to General Director as well as relevant Branches. 2. 5. HO-based clients/ projects within Client Directors approving authorityCredit proposals under this case are only considered approved when the Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal is signed and given acceptance opinion by Client Director. Accordingly, Client/ Project investment officer prepares (Thong bao tac nghi? p) and transfers documents to HO Debt Management Division for terminal, system entering and other subsequent steps. 2. 6.Risk Management Director and Client DirectorUnder this circumstance, Risk officer duplicate s the steps within the approving authority of Risk Management Director as stated above. The proposal is only considered approved when obtaining signature of both, except for either of them is absent. 2. 7. fundamental Credit Committee * Central Credit Committee bases on Credit Risk Assessment Report (signed by at least 2 controllers of Risk Management Division) and Branchs document set (original) prepared by Risk officer to call a meeting. * According to Meeting minutes, Risk Management Division prepares and signs off every page of Announcement of Credit/ Project Investment Approval (Form 4. 2) before submitting Director Central Credit Committee for signature. Then submit to * Client Division at HO an original for subsequent steps * relevant Branches 01 copy * HCM-based Division a copy in case of approving the proposal of branches under its authority. 2. 8. Board of Directors * Under this circumstance, after being approved by Central Credit Committee, Risk Management Division pr epares submission documents in accordance with Regulation of Loan grants under approving authority of BOD. * Risk Management Division then prepares Approval Announcement and sends documents in such a guidance as cases under Central Credit Committees authority in which, documents to Debt Management Division must include Loan Approval Form by BOD. 3. Making loan contract and collateral contractBased on approving results, Client officer continues to seek signature for loan and collateral contract. 3. 1.Loan contract/Collateral contract * Client/ Project Investment Division signs off (ky t? t) every page of loan contract/collateral contract and send to client for confirmation. After signing off by Client and Bank s representer, Loan contract was sent to Accounting division and Debt management Division. collateral contract was sent to Storage division * If any disagreement arises, Client/ Project Investment officer must report to Head of Division. If necessary to amend content or app roval conditions, Client/ Project Investment Division issues Form 1. 6 Report on Appraising and Proposing Credit Adjustment, submit to authorised bank representatives for approval. After obtaining clients signature and original of collateral contracts, Client/ Project Investment Division register collateral transactions. * Client/ Project Investment officer prepares 02 (Thong bao tac nghi? p m? HDTD), sign off and submit to Head of Division for signature, before sending to Debt Management Division (relevant documents included) for storage and entering into system. * In case clients do not have CIF yet, Client Division prepares Thong bao tac nghiep mo so CIF (Form 5. 8) then sends to Transaction Accounting dept. to open new CIF. Manual 4. Putting data into system and managing credit consign * After signing loan contract, Client officer prepare and sign on Thong bao tac nghiep m? h? p d? ng tin d? g containing all information needed to put into system, conditions to disburse, a lis t of documents needed to store and special conditions needed to manage the loan. After that, debt management officer recheck and sign on Thong bao tac nghiep. * Basing on Thong bao tac nghiep, Debt Management officer is responsible for put data into system. However, only when it is approved online by head/vice of debt management Division, will client data be disclosed on system. Debt Management officer stores all the documents listed on thong bao tac nghiep IT capable 5. spending of loanThe disbursement of loan involves the following steps which depend on the name approving authority.However, all of the appointed divisions are held responsible for checking the conformity of clients withdrawal documents with credit contract. 5. 1. Client/ Project Investment DivisionIf withdrawal request is valid, Client officer prepares Thong bao tac nghiep du dieu kien rut von (Form 5. 4), signs off and submits to Division Head for signature before transferring documents to Debt Management offi cer for disbursement. 5. 2. Debt Management DivisionThe division directly receives withdrawal request from client and commit checking procedures. Client is required to amend information if rig unsuitable. Otherwise, Debt Management officer starts disbursing the loan. 5. 3.Client/ Project Investment Division receiving request, Debt Management Division performing checking proceduresWithdrawal documents after being received and checked by Client officer, Debt Management officer takes over for disbursement, based on Credit Approval Announcement and Credit contract. If documents are found invalid, they are sent back to Client Division for completion. 5. 4. Higher authorityClient officer prepares Thong bao tac nghiep du dieu kien rut von (signed by him/her and Head of division). Afterwards, based on credit approval results, Client officer submits the above document and other supporting ones to higher authority. If approved, the documents are transferred to Debt Management for disburseme nt.The details of disbursement process are briefed as follows * Debt Management officer opens loan account, fills in CIF, signs off Loan communicate honor before updating into system for online approval of Divisions Head. * Next, the officer sends * 01 Loan Receipt Note to client * 01 Loan Receipt Note and supporting documents to relevant departments for disbursement * The last Loan Receipt Note stored in the division. IT Dependent 6. Post-disbursement Monitoring of Loan * At least every 6 months, Client/ Project Investment Division must recheck the loan usage status (usage purpose, collateral status, the remainder between assets resulting from the loan and the outstanding balance).This is utilize in accordance with the predetermined plan (monitoring schedule and methodology), which is proposed by Client officer when preparing Report of Credit appraisal and granting proposal or when Thong bao tac nghiep at the latest. * For collateral monitoring, the following aspects must be certain * Status compared to previous visit * Forecasted revaluations * Clients conformity in preserving collateral * Proposal to transfer collateral management methods (optional) * Proposal to add/ replace collateral (optional) * Debt Management Division is held responsible for reminding Client/ Project Investment Division about loan monitoring schedule. The result must be authenticated on Loan Monitoring Records (Bien b? n Ki? m tra), which is signed by Borrowers representative and submitted to Head of Client/ Project Investment Division for revision and comment. * In case Client/ Project Investment Division detects any signals of risk, officer takes the initiative to propose the corresponding solution (included in Loan Monitoring Records) before submitting to Head of Division, Director of Client Division (for HO-based clients) or Branchs Director/ Deputy Director. * After finalizing the Record, officer sends 01 original to Debt Management, 01 copy to Risk Management Division fo r co-monitoring. Manual 7. Credit Adjustment * Depending on the real situation and clients demand after credit approval, credit adjustment can be made correspondingly. * Procedures of Credit Adjustment are conducted in the kindred manner as that of Credit Proposal and Approval (only those who are authorised to approve credit are able to approve credit adjustment). Client / investment project officer prepares Report of credit appraisal and credit adjustment- bao cao th? m d? nh va d? xu? t di? u ch? nh tin d? ng. At risk management division prepares Credit risk assessment for adjustment report Bao cao ra soat r? i ro di? u ch? nh c? p tin d? ng. * Client/ Project Investment Division prepare Thong bao tac nghi? p di? ch? nh HDTD. Manual 8. Loan and interest collection * At least 10 days before collect date, Debt Management officer prints out the list of loans and transfer to Client/ Project Investment Division whose officer prepares a document to inform clients and in charge of pushing clients to cede principal and interest * System automatic calculate interest income for loan group 1 * At the due date of loan, Debt Management officer prints out the report of principle and interest up to due date and checking. Then this report is submitted to Head of Debt management for approving. This report is then transferred to Accounting Division for collecting. If collect in cash, Client has to pay at first at Cash Division. after collecting adequacy and checking, Cash Division. will sign on Deposit slip (Cash receipt) then transfers Cash Receipt Note to Accounting Division for booking entry. * Accountant makes the following entries * With principal collectionDr. Cash/ BankCr. Loan to Customer * With interest collectionDr. Cash/ BankCr. Interest Income * Accounting voucher printed out and signed by controller and chief accountant. Application A*N*t Interest = - 360*100 A Outstanding balance NDays (From the last payment day to the next payment day). tinteres t rate 9. Overdue Debt Management * When the loan turns into overdue, debt management officer sends a Reminding Letter to the customer (at least once a month), approved by the Head/Vice of Debt Management Division. This letter is transferred to clients and a copy is also to deliver to the credit officer. * If the customers still dont make payment after more than 3 times received the Reminding Letter, credit officer proposes to the Head of Client/ Project Investment Division to work directly with the customers representative to cover the debt. * Client/ Project Investment Division combines with Risk Management Division and Legal Division if necessary to protect all the interests of VCB. 10. fight liquidation and Collateral Release Collateral * After the client pays all principle and interest, Debt Management officer prepares and signs on Loan Closing Announcement (Thong bao dong h? so vay). * Client officer informs client of Loan Contract Liquidation (Form 7. 2). * Debt Managemen t officer hands over all relevant documents to Client/ Project Investment Division before the former Division transfers to clients and sends the original of Handover Record (signed by both handover and takeover) to Debt Management for storage purpose. * Finally, Client/ Project Investment Division cancel Collateral Transaction Registry.